Understanding climate sensitivity is critical to projecting climate change in response to a given forcing scenario. Recent analyses have suggested that transient climate sensitivity is at the low...
We present a description of the ModelE2 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and the configurations used in the simulations performed for the...
Climate models projected stronger warming over the past 15 years than has been seen in observations. Conspiring factors of errors in volcanic and solar inputs, representations of aerosols, and El...
Summary - Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane (CH4), black carbon (BC), tropospheric ozone, and hydro- fluorocarbons (HFCs). They are important contributors to anthropogenic...
Improved cook stoves (ICS) have been widely touted for their potential to deliver the triple benefits of improved household health and time savings, reduced deforestation and local environmental...
Background: Estimating the burden of disease attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air requires knowledge of both the shape and magnitude of...
Air pollution has received much attention in the past year. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that 3.2 million deaths a year are attributable to particulate matter in outdoor air, the...
Linking environmental, socioeconomic and health datasets provides new insights into the potential associations between climate change and human health and wellbeing, and underpins the development...
What is known about the health effects of gas extraction by induced hydraulic fracturing of gas-bearing rock — ie, fracking? A workshop held on Nov 15, 2013, at the London School of Hygiene...
This report quantifies, for the first time, the global health loss from injuries and air pollution that can be attributed to motorized road transport. It combines estimates of the global burden of...
Over the past decade, India has experienced rapid economic growth along with increases in levels of air pollution. Our goal is to examine how alternative policies for air pollution abatement...
This open-source research paper investigates emissions of gases and particles from the combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels in Africa, that are expected to increase significantly in the near...
More than one billion people depend upon glaciers for water, yet this exploitation is seldom underpinned by science-led water management practice. Previous work has detected that glaciers store...
Little is known about the optical significance of light absorbing particulate organic compounds (i.e., brown carbon, BrC), including the importance relative to black carbon (BC) and influence on...
This paper presents results of an atmospheric particulate matter (PM) monitoring and source apportionment study conducted during summer and fall 2010 in Cairo. These results are compared to those...
Abstract - Black carbon (BC) is an important component of particulate matter due to its effects on human health and climate. In this study, we present the first BC concentrations measured in the...
In this study we attempt to optimize the method for measuring black carbon (BC) in snow and ice using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). Beside the previously applied ultrasonic (CETAC) and...
Abstract - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the primary cause of ozone depletion, and they also contribute to global climate change. With the global phaseout of CFCs and the coming phaseout of...
Abstract - We explore the possibilities for refrigerants having low global warming potential (GWP). A set of about 1200 candidate fluids is identified from more than 56 000 small...
In the present paper the experimental and theoretical analysis of a Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger (HPEH) is reported. The HPHE consists of 54 horizontal 12.7 mm micro-fin copper tubes 700 mm in length...
Abstract - Reductions of methane, black carbon and tropospheric ozone could halve warming during the 2030s, while a fairly aggressive strategy to reduce carbon dioxide would do little over the...
We investigate the sensitivity of future spaceborne lidar measurements to changes in surface methane emissions. We use surface methane observations from nine European ground stations and a...
Interactively coupled climate chemistry models (CCMs) extend the number of feedback mechanisms in climate change simulations by including chemical feedback. In this study the radiative feedback...
Anthropogenic activities are altering levels of greenhouse gases to the extent that multiple and diverse ecosystem processes are being affected. Two gases that substantially influence forest...
South Asia, particularly the Indo-Gangetic Plains and foothills of the Himalayas, has been found to be a major source of pollutant gases and particles affecting the regional as well as the global...
In new estimates released, WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people died - one in eight of total global deaths – as a result of air pollution exposure. This finding more than doubles...
The aim of this paper is to contribute with new information in the application of ground based radon (222Rn) observations to atmospheric research, namely its relation with air pollution due to...
Because people spend the majority of their time indoors, the variable efficiency with which ambient PM2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of error in epidemiologic studies...
Epidemiologic evidence for an association between black carbon (BC) and health outcomes is limited. We estimated associations and exposure–response relationships between childhood asthma...
Objective: We investigated associations of short-term changes in ambient ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and...
The increased use of biomass fuel use among rural Indonesian households for years despite national program on subsidized LPG fuel distribution pose threat of indoor air pollution for the...
The Arctic is a region in transformation. Warming in the region has been amplified, as expected from ice-albedo feedback effects, with the rate of warming observed to be ∼0.60 ±...
Abstract - Radiative forcing by aerosols and tropospheric ozone could play a significant role in recent Arctic warming. These species are in general poorly accounted for in climate models. We use...
Though many global aerosols models prognose surface deposition, only a few models have been used to directly simulate the radiative effect from black carbon (BC) deposition to snow and sea ice....
The need for efficient food production has never been greater. One in seven humans is undernourished. Urbanization and biofuel production are reducing land availability, and climate change, lack...
Efficient operation and stability of biogas plants requires continuous monitoring of the digester content. Traditional laboratory analysis of digester sludge is often complex and time-consuming...
Effect of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a methane inhibitor, on bovine rumen fermentation was investigated through analysis of the metabolic hydrogen flow estimated from concentrations of short-...
BACKGROUND - Ruminants produce large quantities of methane in their rumen as a by-product of microbial digestion of feed. Antibiotics are added to ruminant feed to reduce wasteful production...
A feasibility study on the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods with respect to irrigation requirements, non-point source (NPS) pollution discharge, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rice...
Soil type and returning straw to the field are the important factors that regulate CH4 formation in paddy soil, and the variations of biogeochemical parameters and methanogens...
Frequent tillage negatively affects the methane (CH4) oxidation capacity of agricultural soils. The restoration of that capacity of soils through no-tillage (NT) adoption has been...
Anaerobic digestion (AD) as a waste treatment practice has existed for nearly 200 years and has become an accepted option for many farming and small-scale residential operations. Many...
Many studies have examined greenhouse gas fluxes from rice paddies, but information about microorganisms involved in the process is limited. In this study, we used a molecular approach to identify...
The microbial community structure of a stable pilot-scale thermophilic continuous stirred tank reactor digester stabilized on poultry litter was investigated. This 40-m3 digester...
Almost half of the world's population still cooks on biomass cookstoves of poor efficiency and primitive design, such as three stone fires (TSF). Emissions from biomass cookstoves contribute...
While the vast majority of carbon emitted by wildland fires is released as CO2, CO, and CH4, wildland fire smoke is nonetheless a rich and complex mixture of gases and...
Abstract - We analysed the variability of equivalent black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) at the global WMO/GAW station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.) in the southern...
An estimated 95% of the population of Ethiopia uses traditional biomass fuels, such as wood, dung, charcoal, or crop residues, to meet household energy needs. As a result of the harmful smoke...
The use of combustion heat sources like wood-burning fireplaces has regained popularity in the past years due to increasing energy costs. While the outdoor emissions from wood ovens are strictly...
Gas outburst disasters are becoming more serious as the underground coal mines become deeper in China, and a thick zone of deformed coal provides conditions favorable to coal and gas outbursts....
Potential development of shale gas presents a complicated and controversial education problem. Research on human learning and our own experiences as educators support the conclusion that...
The objective of the study is to investigate the long-run relationship between climatic factors (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural methane emissions, and industrial nitrous oxide...
Abstract - It is well established that ambient particles in the size range of 2.5 microns or less case a wide variety of adverse health effects. According to a recent study from the World Health...
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy consumption were estimated in wastewater treatment plants using an elaborate mathematical model that included coagulation/flocculation, anaerobic digester...
Landfill gas (LFG) is essentially greenhouse gas (GHG) composed predominantly of methane and carbon dioxide produced from the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste in landfills. The...
A prediction model for methane production in a wastewater processing facility is presented. The model is built by data-mining algorithms based on industrial data collected on a daily basis....
The inclusion of a microalgal system in a wastewater treatment flowsheet for residual nutrient uptake can be justified by processing the waste biomass for energy recovery. Low energy harvesting...
Air pollution and climate change are inextricably linked (Jacob and Winner, 2009). However, they are normally treated separately which can lead to incoherent strategies. An example is domestic...