Burden of disease from the joint effects of household and ambient Air pollution for 2016

Globally, 7 million deaths were attributable to the joint effects of household (HAP) and ambient air pollution (AAP) in 2016. About 94% of these deaths occur in low and middle‐income (LMI) countries. The South East Asian and Western Pacific regions bear most of the burden with 2.4 and 2.2 million deaths, respectively. About 980 000 deaths occur in Africa, 475 000 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 348 000 in Europe and 233 000 in the Americas. The remaining deaths occur in high‐income countries of Europe (208 000), Americas (96 000), Western Pacific (83 000), and Eastern Mediterranean (18 000).

The mortality rate due to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution serves as an indicator (SDG indicator 3.9.1) to monitor the environmental health target of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG) on health. WHO is the custodial agency for this and two other air pollution and health related indicators. Country estimates of deaths, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLD) are provided by disease and sex in the WHO website . More details on the estimation methods are available in the document “Burden of disease from the joint effects of Household and Ambient Air Pollution for 2016 – Method description”