Black carbon (BC) produced from open burning (OB) and controlled combustion (CC) is a range of carbonaceous products of incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel, and is deemed as one of...
The first simultaneous aethalometer and solar radiometer measurements of black carbon (BC) mass concentration (surface-level) and aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative parameters (columnar...
Particles containing black carbon (BC), a strong absorbing substance, exert a rather uncertain direct and indirect radiative forcing in the atmosphere. To investigate the mass concentration and...
Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in both climate change and health impact. Still, BC emissions as well as the historical trends are associated with high uncertainties in existing...
Concentrations of atmospheric black carbon, [BC], were determined from filter samples collected weekly at Kevo, Finland (69°45′N, 27°02′E), from 1964 to 2010 using optical and...
Ground-based aerosol instrumentation covering particle size diameters from 25 nm to 32 lm was deployed to determine aerosol concentration and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-activation properties...
Black carbon (BC) is the most effective insoluble light-absorbing particulate (ILAP), which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet...
Aerosol light scattering (_sp), backscattering (_bsp) and absorption (_ap) were measured at Montsec (MSC; 42_30 N, 0_440 E, 1570ma.s.l.), a remote high-altitude site in the western Mediterranean...
Matter from biomass burning, has been used to study the influence of residential wood burning, agricultural waste burning and Boreal forest fire emissions on the Arctic atmosphere black carbon (BC...
Black carbon (BC), one of the major components of atmosphere aerosol, could be the second dominant driver of climate change. We reconstructed historical trend of BC fluxes in Sanjiang Plain (...
Sources, optical properties, and chemical composition of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) aerosol are uncertain, making it challenging to estimate its contribution to radiative forcing. Furthermore...
Steady state performance of residential air conditioning systems using R22 and alternatives R290, R407C, R410A, at high ambient temperatures, have been investigated experimentally. System...
Six refrigerants are evaluated as low GWP replacements for R404A using different configurations, including two-stage system architectures. These refrigerants are selected according to similar...
This paper presents an analysis of various CO2 transcritical and cascade/secondary loop refrigeration systems that are becoming popular in supermarket applications with the objective of...
This article presents a comparative thermodynamic analysis based on numerical methods for a hybrid refrigeration system suitable to operate as vapour absorption system (VA), vapour compression...
The visualization experiments on HFC R410A condensation in a vertical rectangular channel (14.34mm hydraulic diameter, 160mm length) were investigated. The flow patterns and heat transfer...
Hydrocarbons are natural fluids which create less environmental effect in nature and cause less emission also. This paper emphasizes the heat-transfer performances and global warming potential of...
In this study, the performances of R152a, R161, and R1234yf with very low global warming potential were investigated theoretically as alternatives to R134a in vapor compression refrigeration...
The purpose of this research was to establish a theoretical model for the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system and conducting simulations to evaluate the effect of operation parameters...
The aim of the present work is to bring out an exergy analysis of the hydrocarbon refrigerant mixture of R290/R600a as an alternative to R134a on the performance of a domestic refrigerator which...
Continuous methane, CH4, concentrations were measured in a rural area of the upper Spanish plateau from June 2010 to May 2012 by cavity ringdown spectroscopy technique. The results...
Methane is an important greenhouse gas and tropospheric ozone precursor. Simultaneous observation of ethane with methane can help identify specific methane source types. Aerodyne Ethane-Mini...
Due to its impact on environment, tropospheric ozone received particular attention since several decades. Ground-based networks associated with regional chemical transport models are used to...
Future food production is highly vulnerable to both climate change and air pollution with implications for global food security. Climate change adaptation and ozone regulation have been identified...
The combustion of biomass and coal is the dominant source of household air pollution (HAP) in China, and contributes significantly to the total burden of disease in the Chinese population. To...
Black carbon (BC) mass concentration variation has been studied, over a period of 2 years (June 2010–May 2012) at Bhubaneswar. Daily, monthly and seasonal measurements revealed a clear...
Particles of smoke from natural and human-made fires absorb sunlight and contribute to global warming. Laboratory experiments suggest that smoke is often more absorbing than current numerical...
The mass concentration of carbonaceous species, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) using a semicontinuous thermo-optical EC-OC analyzer, and black carbon (BC) using an Aethalometer...
Rainfall is a key link in the global water cycle and a proxy for changing climate; therefore, proper assessment of the urban environment’s impact on rainfall will be increasingly important...
A statistical cirrus scheme that tracks ice saturation ratio in the clear-sky and cloudy portion of a grid box separately has been implemented into the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 to provide a...
The Northern Hemisphere monsoons are an integral component of Earth’s hydrological cycle and affect the lives of billions of people. Observed precipitation in the monsoon regions underwent...
Anthropogenic savanna fires in sub-Saharan Africa emit smoke that affects cloudiness in the region. We measured the cloud response to fire aerosols using aerosol data from the Multi-angle Imaging...
Increases in Asian aerosol emissions have been suggested as one possible reason for the hiatus in global temperature increase during the past 15 years. We study the effect of sulphur and black...
In this study Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 555 nm are compared to Sun photometer measurements from Svalbard for a...
Objective To inform potential pathophysiological mechanisms of air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD), we investigated short-term associations between ambient air pollution and a...
Although ambient PM2.5 has been linked to adverse health effects, the chemical constituents that cause harm are largely unclear. Few prior studies in a developing country have reported the health...
Burning is one of the most widely used methods for removing crop residues during harvest seasons. It cleans fields faster and costs less in comparison to other residue removal methods....
Recent experimental and epidemiologic studies have suggested air pollution as a new risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic studies on...
A body of literature has suggested an elevated risk of lung cancer associated with particulate matter and traffic-related pollutants.
Objective: We examined the relation of lung cancer...
Many opportunities exist to reduce enteric methane (CH4) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of product from ruminant livestock. Research over the past century in genetics...
Methane produced from 35 Aberdeen-Angus and 33 Limousin cross steers was measured in respiration chambers. Each group was split to receive either a medium- or high-concentrate diet. Ruminal...
In this study, we examine the mass distributions, direct and semi-direct effects of different biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) over South Africa using the 12-year runs of the Regional Climate Model...
Irrigation of rice fields in Bangladesh with arseniccontaminated and methane-rich groundwater loads arsenic into field soils and releases methane into the atmosphere. We tested the water-savings...
Excessive wood consumption for energy and over-dependence on fossil fuel-based energy are fundamental issues of importance regarding the destruction of environmental sanity. In this respect,...
This study presents the design and development of a rice-husk-fuelled cookstove to improve poor people's energy access in developing countries. The availability of rice husk, an agricultural...
This study examines the effect of spatial gradients in biomass burning (BB) aerosol on mesoscale circulations and clouds in the Amazon through high-resolution numerical modeling over areas of 30...
Wildfires contribute significantly to global soot emissions, yet their aerosol formation mechanisms and resulting particle properties are poorly understood and parameterized in climate models. The...
Atmospheric particulate matter plays an important role in the Earth’s radiative balance. Over the past two decades, it has been established that a portion of particulate matter, black carbon...
This paper examines the effects on climate and air pollution of open biomass burning (BB) when heat and moisture fluxes, gases and aerosols (including black and brown carbon, tar balls, and...
Natural gas (NG)-related fugitive methane (CH4) emissions estimates from life cycle assessments (LCA) and local field measurements are highly uncertain. Globally distributed long-term...
Casing and cement impairment in oil and gas wells can lead to methane migration into the atmosphere and/or into underground sources of drinking water. An analysis of 75,505 compliance reports for...
The amount of methane emissions released by the natural gas (NG) industry is a critical and uncertain value for various industry and policy decisions, such as for determining the climate...
Flaring to dispose of natural gas has increased in the United States and is typically assumed to be 98% efficient, accounting for both incomplete combustion and venting during unintentional flame...
Due to the increasing commercial activities in China, the rapid growth of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the freight transport sector has alarmed the Chinese central...
The open burning of waste, whether at individual residences, businesses, or dump sites, is a large source of air pollutants. These emissions, however, are not included in many current emission...
Childhood burns are a global health problem. To date, no epidemiological study with a large sample size of hospitalized pediatric burn patients from the Chinese mainland has been conducted. This...
Pit latrines are an important form of decentralized wastewater management, providing hygienic and low-cost sanitation for approximately one-quarter of the global population. Latrines are also...