Abstract - Emissions estimation, for research and regulatory applications including reporting to international conventions, needs treatment of detailed technology divisions and high-...
Abstract - Dispersed traditional combustion technologies, characterized by inefficient combustion and significant emissions, are widely used in residential cooking and “informal industries...
Abstract - Anthropogenic global warming is driven by emissions of a wide variety of radiative forcers ranging from very short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), like black carbon, to very long-lived,...
Abstract - Recent research on the agricultural impacts of climate change has primarily focused on the roles of temperature and precipitation. These studies show that India has already been...
Abstract - The United States is now experiencing the most rapid expansion in oil and gas production in four decades, owing in large part to implementation of new extraction technologies such as...
Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon
Abstract - Atmospheric black carbon...
Abstract - Black carbon (BC), unlike most aerosol types, absorbs solar radiation. However, the quantification of its climate impact is uncertain and presently under debate. Recently,...
Abstract - We conducted measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol in Jiaxing, China during autumn from September 26 to November 30, 2013. We investigated temporal and diurnal variations of...
Abstract - Relationships between black carbon (BC) aerosols and haze with different intensities are analysed by using hourly averaged data of BC mass concentration (CBC) and meteorological...
Abstract - The optical properties of aerosols at 405 and 781 nm were measured in an urban site in Nagoya, Japan, in August 2011 and in January 2012 using a photoacoustic spectrometer. Comparison...
Abstract - Mass concentrations of black carbon (BC) in air (MBC) and rainwater (CBC) in the East China Sea were measured at Hedo on Okinawa Island, Japan, from April 2010 to March 2013. The...
Abstract - Vertical profiles of light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow were sampled from 67 North American sites. Over 500 snow samples and 55 soil samples from these sites were optically...
Abstract - We estimate the snow albedo forcing and direct radiative forcing (DRF) of black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau using a global chemical transport model in conjunction with a...
Abstract - We introduce an explicit emission tagging technique in the Community Atmosphere Model to quantify source-region-resolved characteristics of black carbon (BC), focusing on the Arctic....
Abstract - There exists increasing evidence supporting the important role of black carbon in global carbon cycles. Particulate black carbon (PBC) is allochthonous and has distinct reactivities...
Diesel vehicles are a significant source of black carbon (BC) and ozone precursors, which are important contributors to climate warming, degrade air quality and harm human health. Reducing diesel...
Abstract - The effects of radiative coupling between scattering and absorbing aerosols, in an external mixture, on the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) due to black carbon (BC), its sensitivity to...
Abstract - Dry deposition of Black Carbon (BC) to the actual leaves of konara oak (Quercus serrata) was evaluated in a foliar rinse method in an experimental forest in the suburbs of Tokyo, Japan...
Abstract - In a first of its kind study over the Indian region, concurrent and extensive measurements of black carbon (BC) concentration and atmospheric boundary layer parameters are used to...
Abstract -
China should take more active participation in a prospective agreement on the global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons.
Zhang, J. & C. Wang (2014) China's...
Abstract
HCFC-22 (CHClF2) and HFC-134a (CH2FCF3) are two major gases currently used worldwide in domestic and commercial refrigeration and air...
Abstract - In this study, an overview of the system performance of R-1234yf in association with R-134a is carried out. Based on the existing researches, it is found that the COP and heat...
Abstract - We present the experimental evaluation of a R134a/CO2 cascade refrigeration plant designed for low evaporation temperature in commercial refrigeration applications. The test...
Inventory and mitigation opportunities for HFC-134a emissions from nonprofessional automotive service
Abstract - Many vehicle owners in the United States recharge their vehicles' air...
Abstract - Hourly atmospheric measurements of halocarbons and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements were conducted at an urban site of Lukang, Changhua, in central Taiwan from May to August, 2013...
Abstract - Since 1995, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CH2FCF3, HFC-134a) has become the most important substitute of CFC-12 in mobile air conditioning (MAC) in China and MAC sector has dominated all...
Abstract - The present study aimed to improve the performance of the residential heat pump using R-32 and L-41b as a HFO blend after partial optimization by modifying heat exchanger and compressor...
Abstract - This paper presents an experimental study about the effect of condenser subcooling on the performance of an air conditioning system operating with R134a and R1234yf, under the same...
Abstract - This paper presents new experimental results concerning thermohydraulic characteristics of flow boiling at medium saturation temperatures. The experimental results were obtained in a...
Performance analysis of a rooftop, air-to-air heat pump working with CO2
Abstract - The air-conditioning sector for large buildings and shopping centers is developing a growing interest in...
Abstract - Condensation is usually assumed to begin when the bulk enthalpy reaches the saturated vapor enthalpy, which leads to discontinuity of heat transfer coefficient calculation in modeling....
Abstract - This paper presents a novel absorption–compression cascade refrigeration system, which can reach an evaporating temperature of −170 °C. In the cascade system,...
Abstract - This paper presents an energy performance evaluation of two low-GWP refrigerants, R1234yf and R1234ze(E), as drop-in replacements for R134a. Tests are carried out in a monitored...
Steady state performance of residential air conditioning systems using R22 and alternatives R290, R407C, R410A, at high ambient temperatures, have been investigated experimentally. System...
Abstract - High ambient ozone (O3) concentrations are a widespread and persistent problem globally. Although studies have documented the role of forests in removing O3...
Abstract - Due to a lack of industrialization in Western China, surface air there was, until recently, believed to be relatively unpolluted. However, recent measurements and modeling studies have...
Abstract - A photochemical box model incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism (v3.2), constrained with a full suite of measurements, was developed to investigate the photochemical reactivity of...
Abstract - This study demonstrates novel measurements of in situ ozone (O3) concentrations and thermodynamics sampled on-board an instrumented Skywalker Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Small...
Abstract - The Mediterranean basin represents a hot spot area for short-term O3 distribution and anthropogenic contributions to it. This is why we analysed in this work the surface O3 variability...
Abstract - A network of air quality and weather monitoring stations was set-up across Delhi, India, under the System of Air quality Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) project. The objective of this...
Abstract - Short-term exposure to fine particle mass (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects, but little is known about the relative toxicity of particle components. We...
Abstract - Personal exposure to air pollution is associated with time- and location-specific factors including indoor and outdoor air pollution, meteorology and time activities. Our...
Abstract - The health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most concerning organic pollutants, depend not only on the locations and strengths of emission sources, but...
Air pollution in China and other parts of Asia poses large health risks and is an important contributor to global climate change. Almost half of Chinese homes use biomass and coal fuels for...
Abstract –The association between exposure to particle mass and mortality is well established; however, there are still uncertainties as to whether certain chemical components are...
Abstract - Indian cities are among the most polluted areas globally, yet assessments of short term mortality impacts due to pollution have been limited. Furthermore, studies examining...
Intro - There is growing scientific consensus that climate change is happening, is largely human induced, and will have serious consequences for human health. The impact of climate change on...
Abstract – Background - Exposure to airborne black carbon (BC) has been associated with asthma development, respiratory symptoms and decrements in lung function. However, the...
Abstract – Background - Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem of increasing importance. The association between acute exposure to air pollution and HF has been well...
Abstract -
Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was utilized to quantify sources of ambient PM2.5 in central Los Angeles (LA) and Rubidoux, using the Speciation Trends Network data,...
Abstract – A regional haze with daily PM2.5 (fine particulate matters with diameters less than 2.5 μm) exceeding 500 μg/m3 lasted for several days in January 2013 over North...
Abstract - Warming in northern high latitudes has changed the energy balance between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study evaluated changes in regional surface energy exchange in...
Abstract - The abilities of 27 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Projection models to simulate the radiation budget (RB) over the East Asian Monsoon region (EAMR) are analyzed based on Clouds and...
Abstract - This paper explores the urban carbon cycle from the natural sciences perspective, identifying key knowledge gaps and priority areas for future research. The combination of large,...
Abstract - The representation of aerosol processes and the skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon vary widely across climate models. Yet, for the second half of the twentieth century, the...
Abstract - Three years of continuous Aerosol Mass Spectrometry measurements at the Mace Head Global Atmosphere Watch research station revealed seasonal patterns in the chemical...
Abstract - Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires can affect air quality on regional scales. Accurate representation of these emissions in models requires information regarding the amount and...
Abstract - Previous research highlights the dominant role of Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and their associated large-scale teleconnections in modulating the North American monsoon (NAM...
Abstract - The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts...
A global assimilation that uses an Ensemble Kalman Filter and a set of derived scaling equations is presented for jointly adjusting the amount of atmospheric aerosol and the relative contribution...
Abstract - The optical properties of aerosols at 405 and 781 nm were measured in an urban site in Nagoya, Japan, in August 2011 and in January 2012 using a photoacoustic spectrometer. Comparison...
Abstract - Soot nanoparticles produced by engines constitute a threat to human health. For the analytical chemist, soot is a hard nut to crack as the released particles undergo rapid changes in...
Abstract - The contribution of trans-Pacific dust estimated from satellite observations has been shown to be 3 times greater than domestic dust in North America throughout the year. Thus, a...
Abstract - We present laboratory measurements of biomass-burning aerosol light-scattering and light absorption coefficients at 405, 532, and 781 nm and investigate their relationship with aerosol...
Abstract - Monthly, seasonal, and annual mean estimates of urban influence on regional concentrations of major aerosol species were computed using speciated aerosol data from the rural IMPROVE...
Abstract - Aerosols and their effect on the radiative properties of clouds are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in calculations of the Earth’s energy budget. Here the sensitivity of...
Abstract - In view of the recent rapid economic growth and accompanying energy consumption in the East Asian region, particularly in China, there is much concern about the effects of emitted...
Abstract - In this work we provide an overview of short lived climate forcers (SLCFs) and carbon dioxide variability in the Karakorum, by presenting results deriving from a field campaign carried...
Abstract - This is the first study of particulate matter (PM) air pollution in Cameroon. In this study, mass concentration and PM size fractions as well as carbonaceous contribution to PM are...
Abstract – This study describes and analyzes measurements of 119 non-polar organic compounds in PM2.5 samples from three urban sites in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization...
Abstract - While the formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles and their subsequent growth have been observed under diverse environmental conditions globally, such observations are very...
Abstract - Continuous particle number size distributions (15 nm–2.5 μm), particle chemical compositions, gaseous species and meteorological variables were collected at an urban site in...
Abstract - The keystone of this paper was to calculate and interpret indicators reflecting sources and air quality impacts of PM2.5 and PMCOARSE (PM10–PM2.5) in Rome (Italy), focusing...
Abstract - The information on the aerosol properties from remote locations provides insights into the background and natural conditions against which anthropogenic impacts could be compared...
Abstract - Data on air quality are remarkably limited in the poorest of the world's countries. This is especially true for post-conflict and disaster zones, where international relief efforts...
Abstract - Land-use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards and the...
Abstract - Biogas production from grassland biomass harvested during landscape management may help to maintain species-rich grassland biotopes, but extensive management and late harvests...
Abstract – We investigated the effects of elevated ozone concentration (E-O3) on CH4 and N2O emission from paddies with two rice cultivars: an inbred Indica cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD6)...
Abstract - The effects of temperature on biogas production and the heating strategy for anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater were investigated. Through a kinetic model, the maximum...
Abstract - Straw incorporation has multiple effects on greenhouse gas emissions and soil productivity. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of long-term straw...
Abstract - Intensive farming focusing on monoculture grass species to maximise forage production has led to a reduction in the extent and diversity of species-rich grasslands. However,...
Abstract - Application of organic matter is essential for sustaining the health and productivity of a soil. However, organic amendments produce methane (CH4) emissions from rice (Oryza...
Abstract - The nexus of climate change and food security challenges currently facing humanity requires better understanding of how to balance food production needs with climate change...
Abstract - This paper aims to propose consistent Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing metrics and indices and to test them to assess an anaerobic digester on a dairy farm. The...
Abstract - A series of wildfires in northern Quebec, early July 2002, and in southern Quebec, late May 2010, resulted in severe air pollution downwind. Downwind exposures were investigated...
Abstract - The state of São Paulo is the largest sugarcane producer in Brazil, with a cultivated area of about 5.4 Mha in 2011. Approximately 2 Mha were harvested annually from 2006 to...
Abstract - Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured intensively using an online gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC–MS/FID) at...
Abstract - Sweden has the potential to increase fuel pellet production from alternative raw materials, such as willow and poplar, and also to use former agricultural land for energy crop...
Abstract - The increase of the share of renewable energy in Portugal can be met from different sources, of which forest biomass residues (FBR) can play a main role. Taking into account the...
Abstract - The current research study aims at investigating the atmospheric implications of a major fire event in the Mediterranean area. For this purpose, a regional aerosol model coupled...
Abstract - We determined emission factors for open burning of straw of rice, wheat, and barley, as well as rice husks, and we incorporated the effects of moisture content on the emission...
Abstract - Enhancement of biomass burning-related research is essential for the assessment of large-scale wildfires impact on pollution at regional and global scale. Starting since 6...
Abstract - Smoke aerosol emitted by large scale wildfires in the European part of Russia and Ukraine, was transported to Athens, Greece during August 2010 and detected at an urban...
Abstract - Large ruminant production systems (dairy, beef, buffaloes and yaks) in China have experienced significant changes during the last 30 years driven by increased demand for milk...
Abstract - Livestock production has been challenged as a large contributor to climate change, and carbon footprint has become a widely used measure of cattle environmental impact. This analysis of...
Abstract - The livestock sector faces the challenge to respond to the growing demand for animal protein from an expanding population while reducing environmental impact through GHG...
Abstract - The coupling model of the multi-component gas flow and transport was developed to describe methane oxidation in landfill cover. A two-part simulation was carried out to investigate the...
Abstract - This paper analyses six strategies for managing the MSW generated in Asturias (Spain) in terms of their environmental impacts applying the Life Cycle Analysis methodology. To this end,...
Abstract - The road transport sector is one of the major contributors of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants emissions. Regional emissions levels from road vehicles were investigated...
Abstract - Methane is a substantial contributor to climate change. It also contributes to maintaining the background levels of tropospheric ozone. Among a variety of CH4 sources, current...
Abstract - Aerosol influences on clouds are a major source of uncertainty to our understanding of forced climate change. Increased aerosol can enhance solar reflection from clouds...
Abstract - The indirect effect of aircraft soot on cirrus clouds is subject to large uncertainties due to uncertainty in the effectiveness of aircraft soot acting as heterogeneous ice...
Abstract - This paper assesses the effects of a global emissions trading scheme (GETS) for international aviation and shipping as a way of reducing emissions of both greenhouse gases (GHG...
Abstract - The Arctic possesses distinctive environmental characteristics that act as strong, positive feedbacks on atmospheric warming; in fact, it is almost uniquely susceptible to rapid...