Abstract. Sources of airborne particulate matter and their seasonal variation in urban areas in Sub-Sahara Africa are poorly understood due to lack of long-term measurement data. In view of this,...
A black carbon (BC) emission inventory for Mexico is presented. Estimate was performed by using two approaches, based on fuel consumption and emission factors in a top-down scheme, and the second...
Abstract - Black carbon (BC) is an important component of particulate matter due to its effects on human health and climate. In this study, we present the first BC concentrations measured in the...
Abstract - Understanding the characteristics of the size distribution of ambient black carbon (BC) in distinct environments is critical because the influence of BC aerosols on climate, visibility...
Abstract - As a short-lived climate forcing agent, black carbon (BC) aerosol plays an important role in climate change, atmospheric environment, and human health. In this study, continuous...
Abstract - Black carbon (BC) aerosol was measured continuously at an urban site in Shanghai (31°18′N, 121°30′E) from January 2011 to January 2012, and the characteristics and...
Abstract - To understand the seasonality of concentrations of traffic-related black carbon (BC) in a megacity, BC concentrations in fine particles were monitored at the roadside and on roads...
Abstract - The identification and quantification of methane emissions from natural gas production has become increasingly important owing to the increase in the natural gas component of the energy...
Abstract - Reductions of methane, black carbon and tropospheric ozone could halve warming during the 2030s, while a fairly aggressive strategy to reduce carbon dioxide would do little over the...
Abstract - Atmospheric methane concentrations were quantified along transects in Switzerland, using a mobile laser spectrometer combined with a GPS, to identify their spatio-temporal patterns and...
Abstract - Atmospheric measurements show that emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are now the primary drivers of the positive growth in synthetic greenhouse gas (...
Abstract - We explore the possibilities for refrigerants having low global warming potential (GWP). A set of about 1200 candidate fluids is identified from more than 56 000 small...
Abstract - Two of the major problems of heat pump systems working in extreme conditions are the loss of efficiency of the system and the high compressor discharge temperatures. One possibility in...
Abstract - A brief overview of the literature relating to electrochemical studies and processes undertaken in supercritical fluids is presented. This review mostly concerns carbon dioxide and...
Abstract - In the present study, a CO2/NH3 cascade refrigeration system is modeled and analyzed from exergetic, economic and environmental points of view. In the next step, multi-objective...
Abstract - Solar cooling is a good example of addressing climate changes. In this paper, we provide overviews for working principles of solar thermally operated cooling technologies and reviews...
Abstract - This work was concerned with developing an accurate model for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of refrigerants. The work capitalised on previous works by the author about the...
Abstract - This study used hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants in a small R134a refrigerator to evaluate the refrigeration performance and feasibility of using these alternative refrigerants by...
Abstract - This article describes a proposed protocol that is intended to provide a comprehensive list of factors to be considered in evaluating the direct and indirect environmental impacts of...
Abstract - Hydrocarbons are today considered as promising alternatives to hydrofluorocarbons thanks to their low environmental impact and their easy implementation. However, some precautions have...
Six refrigerants are evaluated as low GWP replacements for R404A using different configurations, including two-stage system architectures. These refrigerants are selected according to similar...
Abstract - This study investigates ozone changes and the individual impacts of transport and chemistry on those changes. We specifically examine (1) variation related to El Niño Southern...
Abstract - Ozone induces stomatal sluggishness, which impacts photosynthesis and transpiration. Stomatal responses to variation of environmental parameters are slowed and reduced by ozone and may...
Abstract - Surface ozone is a secondary air pollutant formed from reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of...
Abstract - A chemistry-transport model using two-way nested regional (Europe) and global domains is used to evaluate the effects of climate and emission changes on air quality over Europe for the...
Abstract - As part of efforts to understand the sources of air pollution in Cape Town, this study investigates the local variation of tropospheric ozone (O3) and identifies possible advection...
Abstract - This study focuses on describing ozone patterns and estimating ozone concentrations in urban settings through the classification of an urban area into homogeneous typologies, according...
Abstract - The adverse health effects of ambient ozone are well established. Given the high sensitivity of ambient ozone concentrations to meteorological conditions, the impacts of future climate...
The influence of future non-mitigated road transport emissions on regional ozone exceedences at global scale
Abstract - Road Transport emissions (RTE) are a significant anthropogenic...
Abstract - The effects of CO2 and/or O3 elevation on rice grain quality were investigated in chamber experiments with gas fumigation performed from transplanting until maturity in 2011 and 2012....
Abstract - Globally, the legume–rhizobia symbiosis, contained within specialised organs called root nodules, is thought to add at least 30 Tg N annually to agricultural land. The growth...
Abstract - The downward transport of stratospheric ozone is an important natural source of tropospheric ozone, particularly in the upper troposphere, where changes in ozone have their largest...
Abstract - We quantify the impacts of aerosols on distributions and concentrations of O3 over China through heterogeneous reactions and changes in photolysis rates using the global chemical...
Abstract - The impact of air emissions from electricity generation depends on the spatial distribution of power plants and electricity dispatch decisions. Thus, any realistic evaluation of the air...
Abstract - Aerosols, both natural as well as anthropogenic, affect the radiative forcing of Earth׳s climate and reduce surface albedo. The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height, which depends upon...
Abstract - Four years of CloudSat data have been analyzed over a region of the east Atlantic Ocean in order to examine the influence of aerosols on deep convection. The satellite data were...
Abstract - Atmospheric aerosols affect weather and global general circulation by modifying cloud and precipitation processes, but the magnitude of cloud adjustment by aerosols remains poorly...
Abstract - Regional temperature change over the twentieth century has been strongly influenced by aerosol forcing. The aerosol effect is also expected to be pronounced on regional precipitation...
Abstract - This paper shows how the advanced chemical transport model CMAQ can be used to estimate future levels of PM2.5 in the UK, the key air pollutant in terms of human health effects, but one...
Abstract - Fine particle (PM2.5) samples were collected at Jinsha (JSH), a regional background China Atmosphere Watch Network (CAWNET) site in Central China from March 2012 to March 2013. The mass...
Abstract - This study aims to provide a first comprehensive evaluation of WRF-Chem for modeling aerosols and anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing (RF, including direct, semi-direct and indirect...
Abstract - Changes in climate and emissions will affect future air quality. In this work, simulations of regional air quality during current (2001–2005) and future (2026–2030) winter...
Abstract - This study determined the production-based emissions, the consumption-based emissions, and the consumption-based health impact of primary carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon: BC,...
Abstract – Background - Air pollution is a major health challenge worldwide and has previously been strongly associated with adverse reproductive health. This study aimed to examine the...
Conclusions – Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were associated with low birth weight but not pre-term birth. In rapidly developing countries, such as China, the highest levels of air...
Abstract - Epidemiologic evidence for an association between black carbon (BC) and health outcomes is limited. We estimated associations and exposure–response relationships between childhood...
Abstract - We estimated PM2.5-related public health impacts/ton emitted of primary PM2.5, SO2, and NOx for a set of power plants in the Mid-Atlantic and Lower Great Lakes regions of the United...
Abstract - Radiative forcing by aerosols and tropospheric ozone could play a significant role in recent Arctic warming. These species are in general poorly accounted for in climate models. We use...
Abstract - We applied a climate-chemistry global model to evaluate the impact of black carbon (BC) deposition on the Himalayan snow cover from 1998 to 2008. Using a stretched grid with a...
Abstract - The cosmogenic radionuclide 35S (t1/2 ~ 87 days) is a unique tracer for high-altitude air mass and has been used extensively to understand stratospheric air...
Abstract - Anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment of agricultural and animal waste can be considered as a means of enabling environmental remediation. This research investigated two conditions of...
Abstract - Drip-fertigated systems have variable distributions of water and nutrients in the soil, which influence soil microbial activity. Because there is a lack of data on greenhouse gas (GHG)...
Abstract - This study examines whether policies to encourage cattle ranching intensification in Brazil can abate global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sparing land from deforestation. We use an...
Abstract - The objective of this paper was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 3 feeding strategies to reduce enteric CH4 production in dairy cows by calculating the effect on labor income at...
Abstract - China is now the world's biggest annual emitter of greenhouse gases with 7467 million tons (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in 2005, with agriculture accounting for 11% of this...
Abstract - Primary and secondary aerosol particles originating from biomass burning contribute significantly to the atmospheric aerosol budget and thereby to both direct and indirect radiative...
Abstract - We analysed the variability of equivalent black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) at the global WMO/GAW station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.) in the southern...
Abstract - This paper provides an overview and summary of the current state of knowledge regarding critical atmospheric processes that affect the distribution and concentrations of greenhouse...
While the vast majority of carbon emitted by wildland fires is released as CO2, CO, and CH4, wildland fire smoke is nonetheless a rich and complex mixture of gases and...
Abstract - We use a 3-D regional chemical transport model, with the latest advancements in the organic aerosol (OA) treatment, and an updated emission inventory for wood combustion to study the...
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, 21 times as powerful as carbon dioxide in contributing to climate change on a ton-for-ton basis. Methane, along with other short-lived forcers such as black...
Abstract - Methane emitted by coal mine ventilation air (MVA) is a significant greenhouse gas. A mitigation strategy is the oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide, which is approximately twenty-...
Abstract - A 2013 scientific assessment of black carbon emissions and impacts found that black carbon is second to carbon dioxide in terms of its climate forcing. High concentrations of black...
Abstract - In this study, biogas production from the organic fraction of the MSW (OMSW) was simulated in six different scenarios, using Aspen Plus® based on industrial data. The economic...
Abstract - This paper utilizes life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the conversion of U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) to liquid transportation fuels via gasification and Fischer-...
Abstract - Space transportation plays an important and growing role in Earth's economic system. Rockets uniquely emit gases and particles directly into the middle and upper atmosphere where...
Abstract - Tapping its large reserves of unconventional gas, China has launched shale gas exploration and started drilling wells in trial development zones. To better understand the potential...
Abstract - The North American shale gas “revolution” provides tremendous opportunities, but our scientific understanding of this transition and its potential near- and long-term social...
Abstract - Production of hydrocarbons from Canadian shales started slowly in 2005 and has significantly increased since. Natural gas is mainly being produced from Devonian shales in the Horn River...
Abstract - Hydraulic fracturing, combined with horizontal well development, has resulted in rapid expansion of gas production in the Appalachian Marcellus shale formation. In the past three years...
We apply the Goddard Institute for Space Studies composition-climate model to an assessment of tropospheric O3, CH4, and sulfate at 2030. We compare four different...