Air Quality in Termez, Uzbekistan: Assessment of Key Emission Sources and Recommendations for Enhancing Air Quality Monitoring and Management

The report provides the first comprehensive scientific assessment of air quality in Termez to support evidence-based policymaking and air quality management. It is based on a detailed analysis of hourly monitoring data from the automatic air quality station located in central Termez (covering the period from May 2023 to December 2024), meteorological observations, satellite retrievals, and local emission inventories. Developed by UNEP and FMI at the request of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan, and in collaboration with local consultants, the report aims to identify pollution sources and priority interventions to improve air quality and protect public health in Termez. This report provides a solid scientific and technical foundation for strengthening local and national action on air quality. The findings confirm that particulate pollution in Termez is driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, highlighting clear opportunities for targeted and evidence-based interventions. Implementing the recommended measures can significantly reduce air pollution and its health burden. Ensuring high data quality, improving the accuracy of emission inventories, and replicating and scaling up effective interventions across Uzbekistan will be essential for achieving long-term and sustainable improvements in air quality.