Impacts of Air Pollution on Health and Cost of Illness in Jakarta, Indonesia

This study aimed to quantify the health and economic impacts of air pollution—fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level Ozone (O3), which exceeded the local and global ambient air quality standards—in Jakarta Province, the capital of Indonesia. The selected health outcomes included adverse health outcomes in children, all-cause mortality, and daily hospitalizations. By using local data to quantify and assess the health and economic impacts of air pollution in Jakarta, the study provided timely evidence for prioritizing clean air actions to protect the public’s health.