Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (Pb)

Lead is one of six principal (or “criteria”) pollutants for which EPA has established NAAQS. EPA periodically reviews the scientific basis for these standards by preparing an ISA. The external review draft of the Pb ISA was reviewed by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), an independent science advisory committee mandated by Section 109 (d) (2) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The 2024 final Pb ISA represents the Agency’s latest evaluation of the scientific literature on relationships between air-related Pb exposure and health and welfare effects.