Brazil

Brazil became a CCAC partner in June 2023 and has served as CCAC co-chair since June 2024.  The country joined the Global Methane Pledge in November 2021. It is a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and has ratified its instruments, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Brazil also signed the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol in 2016 and formally promulgated it in August 2023 (Decree No. 11,666).

Brazil submitted an updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement in November 2024, setting a 2035 target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 59–67% below 2005 levels. This is consistent, in absolute terms, with an emission level of 1.05 to 0.85 GtCO2e (GWP AR5) and covers the greenhouse gases accounted for in the National Inventory — CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, SF₆, and PFCs. The National Climate Plan (under finalization) will guide the achievement of Brazil’s NDC.  Defined by the Interministerial Committee on Climate Change, Brazil´s highest climate governance body, CIM, via Resolution 3 of September 14, 2023, the new Climate Plan will include: the “National Adaptation Strategy”, with sixteen sectoral adaptation plans; the “National Mitigation Strategy”, with seven sectoral mitigation plans; and a “Transversal Strategy” covering: (i) Just Transition; (ii) Socio-environmental Impacts; (iii) Means of Implementation; (iv) Education, Training, Research, Development and Innovation Capacity; and (v) Monitoring, Management, Evaluation and Transparency

In addition, the first National Action Plan for Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) is under development, scheduled for completion in 2026, under the coordination of the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA) with support from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and CCAC. The SLCP Plan will establish governance structures, monitoring mechanisms, and communication and capacity-building strategies to ensure the effective implementation of measures to reduce SLCP emissions in sectors that are the country’s major contributors.

As part of the country’s National Policy on Climate Change (Law 12,187/2009), the Climate Fund Programme plays a central role in supporting the implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures. Managed through the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) and other development institutions, the Fund channels resources to projects aligned with Brazil’s NDC and sectoral climate plans. Complementing this, Brazil enacted a broader carbon market framework in 2024 (Law 15,042/2024), establishing the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE), a regulated platform for trading carbon credits across sectors.  

In the Agriculture sector, Brazil established in 2010 the Plan for Adaptation and Low Carbon Emission in Agriculture (ABC Plan), which aims to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the safety and competitiveness of its products. The first phase of the ABC Plan ended in 2020, upon which the second phase (ABC+ Plan) was launched with new goals for 2020 to 2030.  The ABC+ Plan aims to promote adaptation to climate impacts and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture through an integrated landscape approach. Financial support comes from the Safra Plan credit program, which directs resources under favorable conditions to projects meeting sustainability criteria.

Federal energy policy in Brazil is guided by the 2050 National Energy Plan (PNE 2050) and Ten-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE), prepared by the Brazilian Energy Research Company (EPE) and the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME). The PNE 2050 supports the expansion of hydropower, oil and gas production, further analysis of renewables, research and development, and improvements in energy efficiency. In line with these objectives, in 2024 the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) approved the National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE), setting guidelines to promote decarbonization in oil and natural gas exploration and production. In the same year, the Fuel of the Future Law (Law 14,993/2024) was enacted, setting new blending targets for ethanol and biodiesel and creating programs for green diesel, sustainable aviation fuel, and biomethane.

Brazil also has a regulated carbon market for biofuel production. Created by the Brazilian National Biofuel Policy (RenovaBio - Law 13,576/2017), it has been in full function since 2020 and has a total budget of R$1 billion. Biofuel Decarbonisation Credits (CBIOs) are generated through the production of biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, and biokerosene, which fossil fuel companies can buy to meet yearly decarbonisation targets. In 2021, the BNDES announced a loan scheme for biofuel producers to encourage the development of carbon reduction projects under RenovaBio.

The country addresses emissions from the waste sector through Brazilian Solid Waste National Policy (PNRS - Law 12,305/2010), which sets obligations for municipalities such as selective collection, environmentally sound disposal of rejects, and the implementation of composting systems for organic waste. Building on this framework, the National Solid Waste Plan (PLANARES – Decree 11,046/2022) sets targets for eliminating open dumps, increasing recycling, and improving organic waste management. In parallel, the government is developing a National Strategy for Urban Organic Waste (PLANARO), supported by UNEP and Instituto Pólis, to be finalized in 2025. This strategy prioritizes food waste prevention, expansion of composting, and the integration of waste pickers’ cooperatives into recycling chains.

Brazil’s air quality management is based on the National Air Quality Control Program (PRONAR – CONAMA Resolution 5/1989), which is currently on final stages for an updated version. In 2024, the National Air Quality Policy (Law No. 14,850/2024) was enacted, and in the same year CONAMA revised the Air Quality Standards (PQAr) in line with World Health Organization (WHO) - CONAMA Resolution No. 506/2024. Also in 2024, the National Air Quality Management System (MonitoAr) was approved and is implemented and maintained by the MMA. These instruments provide guidance for states and municipalities to expand monitoring networks and develop control plans.

Air quality measures are closely linked to transport sector mitigation. Brazil’s vehicle emissions program (PROCONVE), established in 1986, sets progressively stricter limits for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, with the latest phases coming into effect in 2025. The motorcycle emissions program (PROMOT), created in 2002, also applies phased limits, with the current phase starting in 2025. National road transport emissions inventories are being updated with technical support from IEMA and CCAC, now including black carbon. PROCONVE MAR-1 (Road and Agriculture Machinary Emisions Program - CONAMA Resolution 433/2011) has also been in the agenda for a new phase by 2026.

Brazil is also preparing it´s fist national inventory for fixed source emissions, including a chapter on black carbon, and has been updating its national inventory for road emissions from 2013/2014, both supported by CCAC and due to finish in 2026. 

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